Dusk 250 mg
The raw material the body turns into serotonin, then melatonin. Trials measure sleep quality and mood.
Heavily studied · strongest papers
Vitamins B1, B3, B6, B12 262 Dawn 50 / 250 / 25 / 10 mg
Trials measure cognitive decline, nerve health, and fatigue during exercise.
Heavily studied · strongest papers
Dawn 100 mg
Trials measure cognition and anxiety. One review covers its interaction with blood thinners.
Heavily studied · strongest papers
Dawn 500 mg Dusk 1.1 g
Trials measure sleep quality, insomnia in older adults, muscle soreness, and subjective stress.
Heavily studied · strongest papers
Dawn 2.5 g
Trials measure muscle strength, hypertrophy and memory. Kidney function was checked and found unaffected.
Heavily studied · strongest papers
Dawn 375 mg
Trials measure gut barrier function, immune markers and recovery.
Heavily studied · strongest papers
Dawn 100 mg
Trials measure cardiovascular risk markers, cholesterol, inflammation and migraine frequency.
Heavily studied · strongest papers
Dawn 200 mg
Trials measure endurance, aerobic capacity and repeated high-intensity effort.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 4.5 g
Trials measure exercise performance, blood flow, and muscle strength in older adults.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg Dusk 500 mg
Trials measure stress, sleep quality and cognition.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg
Trials measure immune and inflammatory markers. One found no improvement in muscle function.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 1.5 g Dusk 750 mg
Trials measure endurance in heat, fatigue, and recovery after hard exercise.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg Dusk 500 mg
Human trials concentrate on metabolic and reproductive health rather than sleep or calm.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dusk 500 mg
Trials measure anxiety, mood and sleep quality.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 150 mg
Trials measure stress, anxiety, cognition and exercise performance.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dusk 250 mg
Human trials mostly cover skin ageing and circulation rather than cognition.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 500 mg
Trials measure immune response. Safety was assessed in a randomised trial.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg
Trials measure insulin sensitivity and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults, plus safety in healthy adults.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 600 mg
Trials measure cycling time-trial performance and anaerobic power. One found no hypertrophy benefit.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg
Trials measure memory, cognition and sleep quality.
Well studied · strongest papers
Dawn 7.5 mg
Human trials are in Alzheimer's and dementia rather than healthy cognition.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 500 mg
Trials measure mood and dementia risk in midlife.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg each
Trials measure athletic performance, fatigue and sexual function. A review found testosterone claims unsupported.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg
Trials measure blood sugar, cholesterol and body composition.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 250 mg
Trials measure fatigue, burnout and cognition under stress.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 120 mg
Human trials are in early Alzheimer's, as part of a nutrient combination rather than alone.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 300 mg
Trials measure cognitive performance in healthy adults, and isometric strength.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 500 mg Dusk 500 mg
Human evidence is limited and centres on nerve pain rather than blood flow.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 1 g Dusk 500 mg
Trials measure cognition, mood and anxiety.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 75 mg Dusk 75 mg
Trials measure cardiovascular markers, cholesterol and circulation.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dawn 150 mg
Trials measure memory in healthy adults and cognition in older adults, plus safety.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dusk 250 mg
Trials measure stress in healthy adults, and liver fat. The evidence base is small.
Emerging · strongest papers
Dusk 200 mg
Studied as taurine and magnesium together, measuring vascular function and wellbeing.
Thin evidence · strongest papers
Dawn 1.5 g Dusk 4.5 g
Trials measure glutathione production, oxidative stress, and muscle in critical illness.
Thin evidence · strongest papers
Dawn 500 mg
Trials measure endurance under mental fatigue and temperature regulation, plus safety in healthy men.
Thin evidence · strongest papers
Dusk 500 mg
Human research is on pain relief rather than sleep. Two controlled trials exist.
Thin evidence · strongest papers
Dusk 150 mg
Trials measure cognitive performance, attention and vascular function.
Thin evidence · strongest papers
Dawn 50 mg
Human evidence is very limited. Most published work is laboratory rather than clinical.
Thin evidence · strongest papers
How this page is built. A script queries PubMed for every ingredient, filtered to
human studies and to randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews.
2,676 papers met that bar. It keeps the four most relevant for each ingredient and
links straight to PubMed, not to us. Nothing on this page is written by hand.
The number on each card is how many qualifying human papers exist for that ingredient.
Creatine has 188. Sabroxy has 2. We show you both, because a formula that only listed its
best-researched ingredients would be telling you half the truth.
The plain-English line on each card describes what those studies actually measured,
not what we would like them to have found. Where the human evidence is thin, or sits in a
different area than you might expect, the line says so. The research on most of these compounds
goes well beyond four papers, so read the studies yourself, and talk to your doctor before
changing anything you take.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product
is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.