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Human trials,
not mouse studies.

Every ingredient in Dawn and Dusk, with the strongest human evidence behind it. Randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews only, pulled from PubMed. Animal and test-tube work is excluded, which is most of what this industry quotes at you.

42Ingredients
2,075Papers that qualified
146Linked here
100%Have human evidence

Last scan 2026-10-05 · sorted by weight of evidence · every link goes to PubMed
38 cards cover all 42. The four B vitamins share one card, red and black maca share another.

Vitamins B1, B3, B6, B12

319papers
Dawn 50 / 250 / 25 / 10 mgHeavily studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure cognitive decline, nerve health and correcting a shortfall, rather than extra energy in people who are not short of them.

Why it is in the formula

The B vitamins are the cofactors your body runs its energy-making machinery on. They are in Dawn to cover the daily requirement so that nothing upstream of energy production is the limiting step.

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Ginkgo Biloba Extract

256papers
Dawn 100 mgHeavily studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure cognition and anxiety. One review covers its interaction with blood thinners.

Why it is in the formula

One of the oldest and most recognised ingredients in the memory and focus category. It is in Dawn for blood flow to the brain and for staying sharp through the day.

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Magnesium Glycinate

203papers
Dawn 500 mgDusk 1.1 gHeavily studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure sleep quality, insomnia in older adults, muscle soreness, and subjective stress.

Why it is in the formula

The form of magnesium people choose when they want it to absorb properly without upsetting the stomach. Most adults run short of magnesium, and it sits in both scoops for muscle relaxation, calm and sleep quality.

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Creatine Monohydrate

191papers
Dawn 2.5 gHeavily studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure muscle strength, hypertrophy and memory. Kidney function was checked and found unaffected.

Why it is in the formula

The most tested supplement in sport, and increasingly taken for the brain as much as the body. Dawn carries it for strength, power and mental output.

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N-Acetyl L-Glutamine

126papers
Dawn 375 mgHeavily studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure gut barrier function, immune markers and recovery.

Why it is in the formula

The amino acid gut-health people take for the lining of the intestine. The acetylated form is used because it survives the journey better. In Dawn for gut integrity and recovery from hard training.

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CoQ10

101papers
Dawn 100 mgHeavily studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure cardiovascular risk markers, cholesterol, inflammation and migraine frequency.

Why it is in the formula

The mitochondrial ingredient, and one of the first things people add back once they pass forty or start a statin. In Dawn for cellular energy and heart health.

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Organic Beet Root

74papers
Dawn 200 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure endurance, aerobic capacity and repeated high-intensity effort.

Why it is in the formula

Endurance athletes take beet root for nitric oxide and blood flow. It is in Dawn for stamina and for the pump you feel in training.

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L-Tryptophan

70papers
Dusk 250 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

The raw material the body turns into serotonin, then melatonin. Trials measure sleep quality and mood.

Why it is in the formula

The precursor your body converts into serotonin and then into melatonin. Dusk carries it to support that overnight conversion using your own machinery.

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L-Citrulline

67papers
Dawn 4.5 gWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure exercise performance, blood flow, and muscle strength in older adults.

Why it is in the formula

The pre-workout ingredient people actually feel. Dawn carries a full 4.5 grams of it for blood flow, pumps and work capacity.

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L-Theanine

66papers
Dawn 250 mgDusk 500 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure stress, sleep quality and cognition.

Why it is in the formula

The calm-focus amino acid from green tea. Dawn uses it to take the jagged edge off stimulation, and Dusk doubles the dose to help a busy mind settle.

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Astragalus Extract

64papers
Dawn 250 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure immune and inflammatory markers. One found no improvement in muscle function.

Why it is in the formula

A longevity and immune staple in traditional practice that the healthspan crowd has picked back up. In Dawn for immune resilience.

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Taurine

57papers
Dawn 1.5 gDusk 750 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure endurance in heat, fatigue, and recovery after hard exercise.

Why it is in the formula

Taurine is in almost every energy drink on the shelf for a reason. Both scoops carry it for endurance, heart function and recovery.

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Inositol

49papers
Dawn 250 mgDusk 500 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Human trials concentrate on metabolic and reproductive health rather than sleep or calm.

Why it is in the formula

Taken for mental calm and steady mood, and widely used for metabolic and hormonal balance. Worth knowing the dose: the calming studies use several grams, and the two scoops together give you 750 milligrams.

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Rhodiola Extract

47papers
Dawn 150 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure stress, anxiety, cognition and exercise performance.

Why it is in the formula

The adaptogen people reach for when the fatigue is mental rather than physical. In Dawn for stress tolerance and staying sharp under load.

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Lemon Balm Extract

45papers
Dusk 500 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure anxiety, mood and sleep quality.

Why it is in the formula

A traditional calming herb that has held up in modern trials. In Dusk to quiet the mind before bed.

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Organic Gotu Kola

43papers
Dusk 250 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Human trials mostly cover skin ageing and circulation rather than cognition.

Why it is in the formula

Used for centuries for calm and clear thinking, and taken today for stress and circulation. Dusk carries it for the calming side.

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Cordyceps Extract

37papers
Dawn 500 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure immune response. Safety was assessed in a randomised trial.

Why it is in the formula

The mushroom endurance athletes take for oxygen use and stamina. In Dawn for aerobic output and immune support.

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NMN

34papers
Dawn 250 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure insulin sensitivity and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults, plus safety in healthy adults.

Why it is in the formula

The headline longevity ingredient of the last few years, taken to raise the NAD levels that fall as you age. In Dawn for cellular energy and healthy ageing.

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Betaine Anhydrous

30papers
Dawn 600 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure cycling time-trial performance and anaerobic power. One found no hypertrophy benefit.

Why it is in the formula

A strength and power ingredient that also feeds methylation. In Dawn for training output and for keeping homocysteine in a healthy range.

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Bacopa Extract

29papers
Dawn 250 mgWell studied
What the trials measured

Trials measure memory, cognition and sleep quality.

Why it is in the formula

One of the few herbs with real memory data behind it. It works over weeks rather than on day one, which is why it belongs in a daily formula. In Dawn for learning and recall.

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Huperzine A

21papers
Dawn 7.5 mg of 1% (75 mcg)Emerging
What the trials measured

Human trials are in Alzheimer's and dementia rather than healthy cognition.

Why it is in the formula

Works on acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter most focus stacks are built around. In Dawn for concentration and memory.

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Alpha GPC

19papers
Dawn 300 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure cognitive performance in healthy adults and cognitive decline in older adults, usually published under its other name, choline alfoscerate.

Why it is in the formula

The choline source people choose when they want one that reaches the brain. In Dawn for focus and for the mind-muscle side of training.

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Blueberry Extract

18papers
Dawn 500 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure mood and dementia risk in midlife.

Why it is in the formula

Blueberry polyphenols are among the best studied foods for the ageing brain. In Dawn for memory and for the blood vessels that feed it.

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Red + Black Maca Root

13papers
Dawn 250 mg eachEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure athletic performance, fatigue and sexual function. A review found testosterone claims unsupported.

Why it is in the formula

Maca is taken for drive, stamina and libido, and the red and black roots are used for different effects, so Dawn carries both.

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Magnolia Extract

13papers
Dusk 250 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

The qualifying human work is largely reviews and pharmacokinetics rather than trials of sleep or stress outcomes.

Why it is in the formula

Magnolia bark is a standard in evening formulas, taken to bring cortisol down at the end of the day. In Dusk to help the body switch off.

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Organic ACV Powder

11papers
Dawn 250 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure blood sugar, cholesterol and body composition.

Why it is in the formula

Apple cider vinegar has become a daily habit for blood sugar and digestion. Dawn carries it as a powder so you get it without the taste or the acid on your teeth.

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Glycine

11papers
Dawn 1.5 gDusk 4.5 gEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure metabolic markers in obesity, muscle in critical illness, and alcohol craving. None of the four here measure sleep, which is what glycine is usually sold for.

Why it is in the formula

A few grams before bed is a staple for people who track their sleep, taken to fall asleep faster and wake less often. That is why the larger dose sits in Dusk.

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Siberian Ginseng

10papers
Dawn 250 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure fatigue, burnout and cognition under stress.

Why it is in the formula

An adaptogen with a long history in endurance and shift work, taken for stamina under sustained stress. In Dawn for steady energy without a stimulant.

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Uridine Monophosphate

9papers
Dawn 120 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Human trials are in early Alzheimer's, as part of a nutrient combination rather than alone.

Why it is in the formula

A building block for brain cell membranes and a fixture in serious nootropic stacks, usually paired with a choline source the way Dawn pairs it with Alpha GPC. In Dawn for learning and mental clarity.

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Agmatine Sulfate

8papers
Dawn 500 mgDusk 500 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Human evidence is limited and centres on nerve pain rather than blood flow.

Why it is in the formula

Taken for blood flow and pumps in training, and for mood and mental resilience. Both scoops carry it.

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Organic Lion's Mane

8papers
Dawn 1 gDusk 500 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure cognition, mood and anxiety.

Why it is in the formula

The mushroom the cognitive crowd built its reputation on, taken for nerve growth and clear thinking. In both scoops.

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Nattokinase 4000 FU

7papers
Dawn 75 mgDusk 75 mgEmerging
What the trials measured

Trials measure cardiovascular markers, cholesterol and circulation.

Why it is in the formula

Taken for circulation and healthy blood flow, which is also where its trials sit. One of the few here where the reputation and the evidence point the same way.

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Phosphatidylserine

5papers
Dusk 150 mgThin evidence
What the trials measured

Trials measure cognitive performance, attention and vascular function.

Why it is in the formula

A phospholipid taken to blunt the cortisol response to stress, and long used for memory. In Dusk to help the day wind down.

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N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine

4papers
Dawn 500 mgThin evidence
What the trials measured

Trials measure endurance under mental fatigue and temperature regulation, plus safety in healthy men.

Why it is in the formula

The dopamine precursor people take before demanding work or hard training. The acetylated form is used for absorption. In Dawn for drive and focus under pressure.

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Polygala Tenuifolia

4papers
Dawn 150 mgThin evidence
What the trials measured

Human evidence is thin and sits inside traditional herbal formulas studied for memory.

Why it is in the formula

A traditional memory herb that the nootropics community has taken up for mood and mental clarity. In Dawn for focus.

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Mag Acetyl L-Taurinate

3papers
Dusk 200 mgThin evidence
What the trials measured

Studied as taurine and magnesium together, measuring vascular function and wellbeing.

Why it is in the formula

Magnesium bound to taurine, chosen because this form is thought to reach the brain better than the common ones. In Dusk for calm and sleep quality.

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Sabroxy

2papers
Dawn 50 mgThin evidence
What the trials measured

Human evidence is very thin. Published work is largely laboratory rather than clinical.

Why it is in the formula

The interest in it is as a focus and drive ingredient, which is why it is in Dawn. Almost nobody has run the trial to check, and the number on this card says so rather than hiding it.

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Corydalis Extract

1paper
Dusk 500 mgThin evidence
What the trials measured

Almost no human trial evidence exists. The one qualifying paper reviews liver safety across herbal medicines.

Why it is in the formula

A traditional calming and pain-easing herb, taken in the evening to settle physical discomfort that would otherwise keep you awake. In Dusk for that reason.

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You have just read the evidence.

Every dose on this page is what is actually in one scoop. No proprietary blend, no hiding the small numbers behind the big ones.

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